Represents a normalized angular value in the specified Angular units.
Represents a normalized angular value that indicates a horizontal direction, expressed in the specified Direction units. Assume 0 degrees = north
GPS Time = Nbr of GPS weeks * 604800 (seconds in a week) + seconds in GPS week.
A reference name value referring to a PointType derived name attribute. An attribute if this type contains the value of a PointType derived element "name" attribute that exists elsewhere the instance data.
A list of reference names values refering to one or more PointType derived name attributes.
A reference name value referring to a CgPoints name attribute. An attribute if this type contains the value of a CgPoints element "name" attribute that exists elsewhere the instance data.
A list of reference names values refering to one or more CgPoints element name attributes.
A reference name value referring to Alignment.name attribute.
A list of reference names values refering to one or more Alignment.name attributes.
A reference name value referring to Surface.name attribute.
A list of reference names values refering to one or more Surface.name attributes.
A reference name value referring to Parcel.name attribute.
A list of reference names values refering to one or more Parcel.name attributes.
A reference name value referring to CoordGeom.name attribute.
A list of reference names values refering to one or more CoordGeom.name attributes.
A reference name value referring to Pipe.name attribute.
A list of reference names values refering to one or more Pipe.name attributes.
A reference name value referring to Struct.name attribute.
A list of reference names values refering to one or more Struct.name attributes.
A reference name value referring to monument.name attribute.
A reference name value referring to WaterShed.name attribute.
A reference name value referring to Raodway.name attribute.
A list of reference names values refering to one or more Roadway.name attributes.
A reference name value referring to GradeModel.name attribute.
A list of reference names values refering to one or more GradeModel.name attributes.
Indicates any structure that protects the
monument, these enumerations may need expanding
Indicates whether there is any physical structure
for the monument - helps location, these enumerations may need expanding
This is a rough indication of the type of equipment
The GPS solution type indicates the type of computed solution for a GPS vector or position
The GPS solution frequency indicates the GPS frequencies used in the computed solution for a GPS vector or position
This indicates the category of a geodetic Monument
This gives a general indication of the condition of the monument
This indicates the purpose of a monument within a survey
Indicates how the mark is sourced for the survey and whether it replaces any other marks
This indicates the material makeup of the Monument
This enumeration indicates whether the reduced observation information provided was actually measured (observed), calculated or deduced from observations, or adopted from another survey
The parcel class combines both parcel intent and topology class.
This is an extension of the LandXML state type, but is specific to parcels
Used by many of the Survey elements
Surface boundaries can be one of three types: outer, void, island
Represents a face on a 3D surface by referencing points from the Pnts collection"
The number of poitns are determined by the surfType attrinute: 3 for TIN, 4 for grid
Note: TIN is the acronym for "triangulated irregular network"
The point references are stored as a space delimited text value in the form of "id id id"
Example, "62 68 44" for TIN, ""62 68 44 71" for Grid
TIN is the acronym for "triangulated irregular network", a surface comprised of 3 point faces
grid is a surface comprised of 4 point faces.
This enumeration indicates whether the survey was acutally performed in the field, compiled from a series of existing surveys, or simply computed using known observations and maths
Optional COGO Point attribute to designate the survey point type.
A text value that is a space delimited list of doubles. It is used as the base type to define point coordinates in the form of "northing easting" or "northing easting elevation" as well as point lists of 2D or 3D points with items such as surface boundaries or "station elevation", "station offset" lists for items such as profiles and cross sections:
Example, "1632.546 2391.045 240.30"
All elements derived from PointType will either contain a coordinate text value ( "north east" or "north east elev"), a "pntRef" attribute value, or both. The "pntRef" attribute contains the value of a PointType derived element "name" attribute that exists elsewhere the instance data. If this element has a "pntRef" value, then it's coordinates will be retrieved from the referenced element. If an element contains both a coordinate value and a pntRef, the coordinate value should be used as the point location and the referenced point is either ignored or is used for point attributes such as number or desc.
A collection of COGO points. (Cg = COGO = Cordinate Geometry)
Represents a COrdinate GeOmetry Point. The Point is identified by the "name" attr and the data value will be a sequence of space delimented, two or three double numberic values: (Northing Easting) or (Northing Easting Elevation).
A reference to any external document file containing related information for the associated element.
Used to include additional information that is not explicitly defined by the LandXML schema, Feature may contain one or more Property, DocFileRef or nested Feature elements.
NOTE: to allow any valid content, the explicit definitions for Property, DocFileRef and Feature have been commented out, but are still expected in common use.
Each Property element defines one piece of data.
Used to include additional information that is not explicitly defined by the LandXML schema. Each Property element defines one piece of data.
The "label" attribute defines the name of the value held in the "value" attribute.
A sequential space delimited list of 2D coordinates with a minimum of 2 points (4 values).
It is primarily used for ProfileSurf to hold the list of station/elevations and CrossSectSurf for offset/elevation.
Example: "0.000 86.52 6.267 86.89 12.413 87.01 26.020 87.83"
A sequential space delimited list of 3D coordinates with a minimum of 2 points (6 values).
Primarily used to store lists of northing/easting/elevation for Terrain Surface data.
Example: "0.000 86.52 50.0 6.267 86.89 50.0 12.413 87.01 50.0 26.020 87.83 50.0"
Represents a 2D or 3D Starting or beginning Point
Defined by either a coordinate text value ("north east" or "north east elev") or a CgPoint number reference "pntRef" attribute.
Represents a 2D or 3D Ending Point
Defined by either a coordinate text value ("north east" or "north east elev") or a CgPoint number reference "pntRef" attribute.
Represents a 2D or 3D Center Point
Defined by either a coordinate text value ("north east" or "north east elev") or a CgPoint number reference "pntRef" attribute.
Represents a 2D or 3D Point of Intersection
Defined by either a coordinate text value ("north east" or "north east elev") or a CgPoint number reference "pntRef" attribute.
Represents a 2D or 3D Point location for general Survey location
Defined by either a coordinate text value ("north east" or "north east elev") or a PointType number reference "pntRef" attribute.
Represents a 2D or 3D Point location for Survey instrument location
Defined by either a coordinate text value ("north east" or "north east elev") or a PointType number reference "pntRef" attribute.
Represents a 2D or 3D Point location for a PlanFeature.
Defined by either a coordinate text value ("north east" or "north east elev") or a CgPoint number reference "pntRef" attribute.
Used to record lines that are irregular such as river boudaries etc. It has Start and End point elements and a list of intermediate points. Point list should also include the start and end points.
A text value that is a space delimited list of CgPoint names that form a linear connected chain.
example: 1 23 45 34
represents a linear connection between CgPoint name 1, 23, 45 and 34.
A text value that is a space delimited list of CgPoint names that form a linear connected chain.
example: 1 23 45 34
represents a linear connection between CgPoint name 1, 23, 45 and 34.
The distance from the Start to the Center provides the radius value.
The rotation attribute "rot" defines whether the arc travels clockwise or counter-clockwise from the Start to End point.
An "infinite" spiral radius is denoted by the value "INF".
This conforms to XML Schema which defines infinity as "INF" or "-INF" for all numeric datatypes
A sequential list of Line and/or Curve and/or Spiral elements.
Modified to include official ID, as has all CoordGeom elements
It is defined with a space delimited PntList2D of offset/elevations pairs that will represent either existing or proposed surfaces.
Example: "-60.00 86.52 -36.26 86.89 12.41 87.01 60.00 87.83"
Note: Gaps in the surface are handled by having 2 or more PntList2D elements.
All angular and direction values default to radians unless otherwise noted. Direction values are measured counter-clockwise from east=0.
angular values expressed in "decimal dd.mm.ss" units have the numeric
format "45.3025" representing 45 degrees 30 minutes and 25 seconds. Both the minutes and seconds must be two characters with a numeric range between 00 to 60.
The OpenGIS coordinate systems XML description may be appended to this element and still validate. Most of the "xxCoordinateSystemName" attributes were gather from the OpenGIS Coordinate System interface descriptions and the values of the names should be the OpenGIS common use name for the coordinate system."
Optional element to identify the software that was used to create the file.
Optional element to identify the source of the file.
I've added state here as a safety net
We seemed to have doubled up on the survey purpose here, but the two are quite different - maybe need a different name
Place the note as a text value between the FieldNote element tags.
You may also place any valid XML structure inside this tag.
This relates the new monument element to a survey - indicating its purpose in the survey and distrubed / replaced info as well
The Instrument setup location is defined by either a coordinate text value ("north east" or "north east elev") or a CgPoint number reference "pntRef" attribute.
Represents a 2D or 3D location for the target
It is defined by either a coordinate text value ("north east" or "north east elev") or a CgPoint number reference "pntRef" attribute.
Represents a 2D or 3D location for the backsight
It is defined by either a coordinate text value ("north east" or "north east elev") or a CgPoint number reference "pntRef" attribute.
offsetInOut: -ve = offset in towards inst, +ve = offset away from inst
offsetLeftRight: -ve = left, +ve = right (as viewed from instrument)
offsetUpDown: -ve = down, +ve = up
GPS Time = Nbr of GPS weeks * 604800 (seconds in a week) + seconds in GPS week
All observations to the same point in a group should be averaged together (they have consistant orientation)
Records check shots to know locations during field observations
This has been modified to include new fields such as accuracy, date, class and adoption. I've added in bearing (azimuth is in terms of true north whereas bearing is the projection north)
- maybe this doesn't matter, may need to discuss
As we discussed this element is used to provide measured information for calculating boundary arcs. The definition information required is quite different to the curve element
This list of monuments allows them to be grouped at a file level like parcels and points etc
This is a new element that represents a physical monument placed to mark a CgPoint within a survey
A collection of surface models.
SourceData is an optional collection of the points, contours, breaklines and boundaries that were used to create the surface.
Definition is a collection of points and faces that define the surface.
Watersheds is a collection the watershed boundaries for the surface.
The collection of data that was used to create the surface.
The sub element PntList3D is group of points is defined by a 3D
north/east/elev list of points that define the geometry.
The collection of external point files that were used to define the surface.
Use is optional.
A reference to an external file containing point information.
The format of the information is defined by the order and delimeter attributes.
The collection of boundaries that were used to define the surface.
Use is optional.
The boundary region contains a 2D north/east or 3D north/east/elev list of points that define the geometry.
is identified by the "name" attribute.
If the "edgeTrim" attribute is true the faces are trimmed at the boundary edge, otherwise faces are not trimmed
and must exist entirely within the boundary.
The collection of breaklines that were used to define the surface.
Use is optional.
The breakline is defined by a 2D north/east or 3D north/east/elev list of points that define the geometry.
is identified by the "name" attribute.
The retaining wall is defined by a sequential collection of points along the wall.
Each point has a location (northing/easting/elevation), height of wall and offset to the wall point.
A retaining wall point defined by a space delimited "northing easting elevation" text value with height and offset attributes to define the wall point
The height value is positive if the northing/easting/elevation point is at the bottom of the wall, negative if the point is at the top of the wall.
The offset value is negative for left and positive for right.
The collection of contours that were used to define the surface.
The contour is defined by an elevation attribute and a 2D north/east list of points that define the geometry.
is identified by the "name" attribute.
The collection of faces and points that defined the surface.
The collection of points that defined the surface. The "P" point id values are unique per surface.
The id values are referenced by the surface faces and breaklines.
A surface point. it contains an id attribute and a space delimited "northing easting elevation" text value.
The id values are referenced by the surface faces for the coordinate values.
The collection of faces that defined the surface.
The faces are defined by either 3 (TIN) or 4 (grid) points, as indicated by the "surfType" attribute
For the north/east/elev values, each point of the face references a "P"point element point in the SurfPnts collection.
A surface face. It contains a space delimited list of "id" references for 3 (TIN) or 4 (grid) surface "P" points.
The 3 or 4 numbers represent the vertices on the face. Each number is a reference to the ID value of a surface point "P" for the face coordinates.
The collection of watershed regions for the surface.
The watershed region contains a 2D north/east or 3D north/east/elev list of points that define the boundary.
A watershed is identified by the "name" attribute.
It may have 1 or more Outlet elements.
Identifies a drain point from the watershed with a space delimited "northing easting elevation" value.
If it drains to another known watershed, then the name of that watershed is identified by the "refWs" attribute.
A collection of surface volume data
volume calculation results between two surfaces
A collection of Parcels
Modified to include parcel class and an official ID
This may be expanded, but the LandXML schema is not really aimed at providing title information so I think name is sufficient
A collection of horizontal Alignments
geometric horizontal alignment, PGL or chain typically representing a road design center line
The "staInternal" value identifies the location of the station equation. It is the station value with no equations applied (staStart + dist).
A profile or long section
The "ProfSurf" element will typically represent an existing ground surface for a profile.
It is defined with a space delimited PntList2D of station/elevations pairs.
Example: "0.000 86.52 6.267 86.89 12.413 87.01 26.020 87.83"
Note: Gaps in the profile are handled by having 2 or more PntList2D elements.
The "ProfAlign" element will typically represent a proposed vertical alignment for a profile.
It is defined by a sequential series of any combination of the four "PVI" element types.
Represents a Point of Vertical Intersection with a space delimited "station elevation" text value
A Point of Vertical Intersection with a space delimited "station elevation" text value and a parabolic vertical curve defined by the "length" attribute.
A Point of Vertical Intersection with a space delimited "station elevation" text value.
with an unsymetrical parabolic vertical curve defined by "lengthIn and "lengthOut" attributes.
A Point of Vertical Intersection with a space delimited "station elevation" text value
with a circular vertical curve defined by "length and "radius" attributes.
This element contains one "Structs" collection element and one "Pipes" collection element.
keyRef is a Schema validation mechanism that ensures that the "structRef" and "pipeRef" attribute values have corresponding Pipe and Struct "name" values"
Each Pipe within a Pipes collection element will have a unique "name" attribute.
The pipe type is determined by the existance of one of the following elements: CircPipe, ElliPipe or RectPipe.
The "startRef and "endRef" attributes reference Struct "name" values.
The start and end invert elevations for the pipe are defined in the Invert elements of referenced structures.
Since a struct may have more than one Invert element, the Invert "pipeRef" attribute is used to select the correct invert element.
Each Struct within a Structs collection element must have a unique "name" attribute.
The structure type is determined by the existance of one of the following elements: CircStruct or RectStruct.
The Center element will contain the "north east" coordinate text value or a CgPoint "refPnt" attribute.
Each Invert element contains a "refPipe" attribute to reference a Pipe element "name"
A collection of planimetric features not otherwise defined by the schema, such as building footprints, guard rails, tree lines, lightpoles or signage.
Typically a PlanFeatures element will contain a collection of similar items.
A planimetric feature not otherwise defined by the schema, such as building footprints, guard rails, tree lines, lightpoles or signage.
The PntList2D contains space delimited offsetDistance / elevation pairs describing a crossectional shape, typically a closed shape representing a retaining wall, traffic barriers or vertical pillars. As is common with road cross sections the origin is the Profile Grade Line (PGL) of the design road. The offsetDistance measure is the 2D distance from the PGL and the elevation values are absolute (real world) elevations for the entire data set.
Proposed Road model elements for FHWA IHSDM project
Attribute that represents a space delimited, cross section offset/elevation pair.
Example: crossSectionPnt="12.0 723.3456"
Represents a station value in decimal form expressed in length units
Represents a linear offset distance. When associated with horizontal (planametric) road or coordinate geometry, the offset is a 2D distance measured perpendicular to the road centerline or coordinate geometry used as the origin. When used in cross sections of long section (profile) the offset is a 2d linear measurement from the origin of the cross section or long section. In all cases a positive value indicates an offset to the RIGHT of the origin and negative values indicate and offset to the LEFT of the origin. The value is in decimal form expressed in length units.
Represents a vertical offset distance or elevational shift. In all cases a positive value indicates a vertical elevational shift above the origin and negative values indicate a vertical elevational shift below the origin. The value is in decimal form expressed in length units.
This item is the cross slope, the slope of the traveled way as measure perpendicular to the horizontal alignment, negative when the shoulder has a lower elevation than the centerline. The unit of measure for this item is PERCENT %.
This item is the slope. Unit of measure for this item is PERCENT %.
This item is the driveway density for both sides of the roadway combined. The unit of measure for this item is driveways/kilometer for Metric units and driveways/mile for Imperial.
This item is the speed or velocity of travel. The unit of measure for this item is kilometers/hour for Metric units and miles/hour for Imperial.
BeginRunoutSta (NORMAL CROWN) - Entry Curve Beginning Runout Location - Unit of measure: STATION. Entry Curve Beginning Runout Location - This item is the station of entry curve beginning of runout. This item specifies the location for the entry curve of the start of tangent runout (location Entry A).
BeginRunoffSta (HALF CROWN) - Entry Curve Beginning Runoff Location - Unit of measure: STATION. Entry Curve Beginning Runoff Location - This item is the station of entry curve beginning of runoff location. This item specifies the location for the entry curve of the end of tangent runout and the start of runoff (location Entry B).
FullSuperSta - Full Superelevation Location - Unit of measure: STATION. Full Superelevation Location - This item is the station location at which full superelevation begins. This item specifies the location for the entry curve of the end of runout and the start of full superelevation (location Entry E)
FullSuperelev - Full Superelevation - Unit of measure: PERCENT. Full Superelevation - This item is the full superelevation rate on horizontal curve. This item specifies the rate of full superelevation for the superelevation element. The unit of measure for this item is percent.
RunoffSta - Runoff Location - Exiting Curve - Unit of measure: STATION. Runoff Location - Exiting Curve - This item is the location (station) of start of curve exit runoff. This item specifies the location for the exit curve of the end of full superelevation and the start of runoff (location Exit E).
StartofRunoutSta (HALF CROWN) - Start of Tangent Runout - Exiting Curve - Unit of measure: STATION. Start of Tangent Runout - Exiting Curve - This item is the location of start of tangent runout when exiting curve. This item specifies the location for the exit curve of the end of runoff and the start of tangent runout (location Exit B).
EndofRunoutSta (FULL CROWN) - Exiting End of Tangent Runout - Unit of measure: STATION. Exiting End of Tangent Runout - This item is the location of end of tangent runout on exiting curve. This item specifies the location for the exit curve of the end of tangent runout (location Exit A).
AdverseSE - Adverse SE - This item determines if superelevation is adverse. The enumeration values are: non-adverse and adverse.
Superelevation - The superelevation rate should be steep enough to provide adequate drainage of the roadway surface, but not so steep as to cause vehicles to slide down the cross slope. To prevent vehicles from leaving the roadway as they travel around curve, curves are banked, or superelevated. One edge of the pavement is constructed higher than the other edge, so that the road surface slopes toward the inside of the curve. Superelevation is expressed as a decimal value or as a percentage, and is the amount of elevation difference per unit of horizontal unit of roadway width. A 6 meter wide road with a difference in elevation between pavement edges of 0.3 m has a superelevation of 0.05, or 5%.